Tuesday 31 July 2018

Breathing Problems During Sleep Are Related To Air Pollution

Breathing Problems During Sleep Are Related To Air Pollution.
A immature contemplation has found a link between air pollution and breathing-related disruptions during sleep. Conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham & Women's Hospital, the authors clout this the prime attempt to document a link between exposure to pollution and sleep-disordered breathing ez slim webc. Breathing-related take disruptions come in several forms, of which the best known is sleep apnea.

It causes people to repeatedly wake up when their airways constrict and breathing is omission off. In many cases, sufferers don't realize they have the condition, which can present to the development of heart disease and stroke south african whatsapp girl numbers. In the study, researchers tried to see if air pollution - which irritates the airways - has anything to do with sleep disruptions, which agitate an estimated 17 percent of adults in the United States.

Monday 30 July 2018

Many Women In The First Year After Menopause Deteriorating Memory And Fine Motor Skills

Many Women In The First Year After Menopause Deteriorating Memory And Fine Motor Skills.
Women present through menopause occasionally deem they are off their mental game, forgetting phone numbers and passwords, or struggling to find a particular word. It can be frustrating, discomfiting and worrisome, but a small new study helps to explain the struggle. Researchers found that women in the foremost year after menopause perform slightly worse on certain loony tests than do those who are approaching their post-reproductive years. "This study shows, as have others, that there are cognitive conceptual declines that are real, statistically significant and clinically significant," said study author Miriam Weber, an subsidiary professor in the department of neurology at the University of Rochester in Rochester, NY "These are tricky declines in performance, so women aren't becoming globally impaired and unable to function extreme. But you criticism it on a daily basis".

The study is published in the current issue of the journal Menopause. According to the researchers, the ready of learning, retaining and applying new information is associated with regions of the knowledge that are rich in estrogen receptors. The natural fluctuation of the hormone estrogen during menopause seems to be linked to problems associated with thoughtful and memory. "We found the problem is not related to absolute hormone levels pro extender manual berlin. Estrogen declines in the transition, but before it falls, there are effective fluctuations".

Weber explained that it is the variation in estrogen knock down that most likely plays a critical role in creating the memory problems many women experience. As the body readjusts to the changes in hormonal levels any time after a woman's period stops, the researchers think mental challenges diminish. While Weber said it is important that women get wind that memory issues associated with menopause are most likely normal and temporary, the study did not include women whose periods had stopped for longer than one year. Weber added that she plans to pinpoint more just how long-term honour and thinking problems persist in a future study.

Other research has offered conflicting conclusions about the cerebral changes associated with menopause, the study authors wrote. The Chicago situate of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) initially found no relation between what stage of menopause women were in and how they performed on tests of working recollection or perceptual speed. However, a different SWAN examine identified deficits in memory and processing speed in the late menopausal stage.

Studies of menopause typically circumscribe distinct stages of menopause, although researchers may differ in where they draw the line between those transitions. The researchers twisted with this study said that the variation in findings between studies may be due to different ways of staging menopause.

Sunday 29 July 2018

Acupuncture Promotes Weight Loss

Acupuncture Promotes Weight Loss.
Placing five acupuncture needles in the outer attention may assist people lose that spare tire, researchers report. Ear acupuncture psychotherapy is based on the theory that the outer ear represents all parts of the body. One archetype uses one needle inserted into the area that is linked to hunger and appetite, while the other involves inserting five needles at opposite key points in the ear bangla new sex store. "If the trend we found is supported by other studies, the mania acupuncture point is a good choice in terms of convenience.

However, for patients suffering from central obesity, interminable stimulation of five acupuncture points should be used," said lead researcher Sabina Lim, from the part of meridian and acupuncture in the Graduate College of Basic Korean Medical Science at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, South Korea. According to Lim, the effectiveness of acupuncture on heavy patients is closely consanguineous to metabolic function herbalm.top. "Increased metabolic function promotes the consumption of body fat, overall, resulting in bulk loss.

The report was published online Dec 16, 2013 in the logbook Acupuncture in Medicine. Dr David Katz, director of the Yale University Prevention Research Center, said, "We must circumvent rushing to judge that a curing is ineffective just because we don't understand the mechanism. Rather, if a treatment is genuinely effective, it invites us to cut out the mechanism". But this study does not prove the effectiveness of acupuncture.

So "Placebo effects are strong, specifically when they involve needles. The evidence here falls short of proof". According to the US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, results from the few studies on acupuncture and preponderancy loss have been mixed. In one study, researchers examined the clout of ear acupuncture with sham acupuncture on fleshy women. "Researchers found no statistical difference in body weight, body-mass index and waist circumference between the acupuncture union and placebo," said Katy Danielson, a spokeswoman for the center.

Women In The US Have Less To Do Sports

Women In The US Have Less To Do Sports.
American mothers watch more TV and get less natural activity today than mothers did four decades ago, a supplemental study finds. "With each passing generation, mothers have become increasingly physically inactive, unmoving and obese, thereby potentially predisposing children to an increased risk of inactivity, adiposity body cushy and chronic non-communicable diseases," said study leader Edward Archer, an limber up scientist and epidemiologist at the University of South Carolina jual camlet cod jogja 2016. "Given that physical activity is an verifiable prerequisite for health and wellness, it is not surprising that inactivity is now a leading cause of death and disease in developed nations," Archer famous in a university news release.

The analysis of 45 years of national facts focused on two groups of mothers: those with children 5 years or younger, and those with children elderly 6 to 18. The researchers assessed physical activity related to cooking, cleaning and exercising babita sex wap stories. From 1965 to 2010, the typical amount of physical activity among mothers with younger children mow from 44 hours to less than 30 hours a week, resulting in a cut-back in energy expenditure of 1573 calories per week.

Friday 27 July 2018

The Same Gene Is Associated With Obesity And Dementia

The Same Gene Is Associated With Obesity And Dementia.
A altering of the obesity-related gene FTO may improve the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia, finds a restored Swedish study. Previous research has shown that the FTO gene affects body mountain index (BMI), levels of leptin (a hormone involved in appetite and metabolism), and the imperil for diabetes vitoliv htc. All vascular risk factors that have also been linked with the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

This different study, conducted by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, included more than 1000 Swedish people, ancient 75 and older, who were followed for nine years formula. They all underwent genetic testing at the start of the study.

Men And Women Suffer Heart Attacks Equally

Men And Women Suffer Heart Attacks Equally.
Men and women with indulgent insensitivity disease share the same risks, at least over the short term, a new enquiry suggests. Doctors have thought that women with mild heart disease do worse than men. This study, however, suggests that the take to task of heart attacks and death among men and women with humanitarianism disease is similar does ingredients work. Meanwhile, both men and women who don't have buildup of plaque in their coronary arteries have the same competent chance of avoiding severe heart-related consequences, said lead researcher Dr Jonathon Leipsic.

And "If you have a conventional CT scan, you are not likely to have a heart corrode or die in the next 2,3 years - whether you're a man or a woman," said Leipsic, conductor of medical imaging at St Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. That's an noteworthy new finding ammayude kanthu. Leipsic said the ability to use a CT scan to diagnose plaque in the coronary arteries enabled researchers to ascertain that the outcomes are the same for men and women, regardless of what other tests show or what other chance factors patients have.

The results of the study were scheduled for presentation Tuesday at the annual gathering of the Radiological Society of North America, in Chicago. When the coronary arteries - the blood vessels that take oxygen-rich blood to the heart - start building fatty deposits called plaque, coronary artery disorder occurs. Over time, plaque may impairment or narrow the arteries, increasing the chances of a heart attack.

Dr Gregg Fonarow, a spokesman for the American Heart Association, said coronary artery complaint is associated with both fatal and nonfatal centre episodes, even when a person's arteries aren't narrowed. Fonarow was not involved with the new research. The brand-new study found similar increased risk for major adverse cardiac events in men and women, even after gamble adjustment who is also a professor of cardiology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Thursday 26 July 2018

Daily Monitoring Of Blood Pressure Every Fifteen Minutes Is Very Important For The Doctor

Daily Monitoring Of Blood Pressure Every Fifteen Minutes Is Very Important For The Doctor.
Blood prevail upon readings logged over a 24-hour aeon on a lightweight home monitoring device appear more effective than blood pressure readings entranced in a doctor's office for predicting whether patients with chronic kidney disease will experience kidney decline or death. That's the finding of an Italian study that included 436 chronic kidney bug patients who were not on dialysis neosize xl plus. In the study, each patient's blood pressure was measured multiple times while at a clinic over the run of two days.

They were also given an ambulatory blood pressure monitor that took readings every 15 minutes during the daytime and every half hour at night over a 24-hour period male enhancement pill swag. At-home blood urge monitors are believed to help overcome what's known as "white coat hypertension," in which a patient's blood coerce spikes because of stress and anxiety when visiting a physician's office.

Wednesday 25 July 2018

Heart Risk For Elderly People Increases When Sleep Apnea

Heart Risk For Elderly People Increases When Sleep Apnea.
The snoring and breathing disturbances of saw wood apnea may be more than just a nuisance, with a inexperienced study linking the influence to higher risks for heart failure and heart disease in middle-aged and older men tablet. However, the learn found no correlation between sleep apnea and coronary heart disease in women, or in men older than 70.

And "The indication here is that there is a lot of undiagnosed sleep apnea, and that, at least in men, it is associated with the enlargement of coronary heart disease and heart failure. Only about 10 percent of forty winks apnea cases are diagnosed," said Dr Daniel Gottlieb, associate professor of medicine, Boston University School of Medicine buy now pay later sex toys for women uses only show. Gottlieb notable that while the jump in heart hazard was noteworthy, it was not as large as that seen in previous clinic-based studies of sleep apnea because the participants were drawn from a number community-based population.

According to background information in the study, sleep apnea sufferers awaken abruptly during the night struggling to breathe, often experiencing a shot of blood pressure- raising adrenaline. Most often, they go equity back to sleep, unaware of what happened. But the awakenings are repeated, sometimes up to 30 times an hour, depriving the sufferer of quickening oxygen and sound sleep.

The research is published online July 12 in Circulation. In the study, almost 2000 men and about 2500 women - all able of feeling problems at the beginning of the research - were recorded as they slept using polysomnograms, which planned the presence and severity of sleep apnea as calibrated on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index. About half had no symptoms of have a zizz apnea, the team found, while half had mild, moderate or severe symptoms.

Participants were then contacted at various times from 1998 to the ultimate follow-up in April 2006. During that time, 473 cardiac events occurred, including 185 compassion attacks, 212 heart bypass operations, and 76 deaths. There were also 308 cases of consideration failure; of these 144 people also had a generosity attack.

The Researchers Have Defined Age Of The First Cat

The Researchers Have Defined Age Of The First Cat.
They may not hold the title of "man's best friend," but domesticated cats have been purring around the billet for a hunger time. Just how long? New enquire points back at least 5300 years, at which point felines needing eats and humans needing rodent killers may have entered into a mutually beneficial relationship vigrx delay spray thibodaux dealer. "We all fondness cats, but they're not a herd animal," study co-author Fiona Marshall said.

So "They're a companionless species, and so they're really rare in archeological sites, which means we just don't distinguish much about their history with people". New scientific methods enabled Marshall's team to show what led to cats' domestication. While dogs were attracted to mobile vulgus living as hunter-gatherers 9000 to 20000 years ago, it looks take to cats were first domesticated as farmer's animals alternitive natural medicine fargo. "Cats had a enigma obtaining food, and so were attracted to our millet grain.

And farmers had a problem with rodents, and found it useful to have cats devour them," said Marshall, a professor of archaeology and acting chair of the anthropology bureau at Washington University of St Louis. The findings are published in the Dec 16, 2013 originate of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The authors point out that although cats are one of the most accepted pet species in the world, information regarding the timing of their domestication has been sparse, based for the most part on Egypt artifacts that date back about 4000 years and show the animals were home dwellers then.

Additional anthropological show of the connection had also been unearthed in Cyprus, the team notes, suggesting some form of close reach (although not necessarily domesticity) dating back roughly 9500 years. But an inability to affiliate the dots between these two periods has frustrated researchers for years. The current revelation stems from an review of eight cat bones, attributed to at least two cats, unearthed near a Lilliputian agricultural village known as Quanhucun in Shaanxi province, China.

Tuesday 24 July 2018

Moderate Consumption Of Coffee Or Tea Reduces The Risk Of Heart Disease

Moderate Consumption Of Coffee Or Tea Reduces The Risk Of Heart Disease.
Drinking coffee or tea in moderation reduces the endanger of developing bravery disease, and both exuberant and moderate tea drinking reduces the risk of dying from the condition, according to a large-scale learn from Dutch researchers aunties. The study, led by physicians and researchers at the University Medical Center Utrecht, examined statistics on coffee and tea consumption from 37,514 residents of The Netherlands who were followed for 13 years.

It found that commonality who had two to four cups a day of coffee had a 20 percent soften risk of heart disease compared to those drinking less than two or more than four cups a day produto natural para disfunção eretil. Moderate coffee intake also a little - but not significantly - reduced the hazard of death from heart disease and all causes.

Tea's performance was stronger on both counts. Drinking three to six cups of tea a date was associated with a 45 percent reduced risk of death from soul disease, compared to drinking less than one cup a day, and drinking more than six cups of tea a prime was associated with a 36 percent lower risk of getting heart disease in the first place.

The obvious protective effects may be linked to antioxidants and other plant chemicals in the beverages, but how they work is unclear, according to researchers. No signification of coffee or tea consumption on the risk of stroke was seen in the study. Study authors found, however, that coffee and tea drinkers in The Netherlands had very many health behaviors, with more coffee drinkers smoking and having less vigorous diets.

Dr Suzanne Steinbaum, director of women and crux disease at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City and a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, notorious that there has been ongoing controversy about the impact of daily tea and coffee consumption on health. "Here is another analyse that reaffirms there is no increased risk of heart disease and stroke, and in fact, when drinking coffee in moderation, there is maybe a reduction in your risk of heart disease," she wrote on behalf of the AHA.

Experts note, however, that it's too primeval to make specific recommendations on coffee and tea drinking for the reason of better health, despite a growing number of studies that suggest the beverages may help foster against heart disease. "Based on current evidence, it is very difficult to come up with an optimum amount of coffee or tea for the extended population," said Dr Frank Hu, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health.

Monday 23 July 2018

Increased Levels Of Vitamin B6 In The Blood Reduces The Risk Of Developing Lung Cancer

Increased Levels Of Vitamin B6 In The Blood Reduces The Risk Of Developing Lung Cancer.
A late ponder shows that community with high levels of a B vitamin are half as likely as others to develop lung cancer. But while the reduction in hazard is significant, this doesn't mean that smokers should hit the vitamin aisle a substitute of quitting. While the study links vitamin B6, as well as one amino acid, to fewer cases of lung cancer, it doesn't conclude that consuming the nutrients will break down the risk proextender caldecott hill 2018. Future delving is needed to confirm that there's a cause-and-effect relationship at work, not just an association.

The research "may main to important new discoveries. But people should not think that they can pop a few vitamins and be non-poisonous smoking," stressed Dr Norman Edelman, the American Lung Association's chief medical officer extenderdeluxeusa.com. The findings appear in the June 16 young of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The researchers examined a learn of almost 520000 Europeans who were recruited between 1992 and 2000. They compared 899 who developed lung cancer by 2006 to 1,770 similarly matched mobile vulgus who hadn't developed the disease. The researchers found that those with the highest levels of vitamin B6 in their blood were 56 percent less suitable to have developed lung cancer than those with the lowest levels. There was a like characteristic - a 48 percent decline - for those with the highest levels of methionine, an amino acid, compared to those with the lowest concentrations.

The reductions in jeopardy held up for both smokers and non-smokers, said study co-author Paul Brennan, a researcher with the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France. Normally, as many as 15 percent of lifetime smokers will come to light lung cancer, but fewer than 1 percent of those who never smoke do.

The reduction in peril is stimulating and it could be a step support toward greater understanding of how food and medications may prevent lung cancer, said the ALA's Edelman. "That's a entire new field, and it's just beginning to become something that's actually being studied". Both vitamin B6 and methionine are well-connected to good health and available in supplement form.

Sunday 22 July 2018

Alzheimer's Disease Is Genetic Mutation

Alzheimer's Disease Is Genetic Mutation.
People with genetic mutations that be first to inherited, ahead onset Alzheimer's disease overproduce a longer, stickier form of amyloid beta, the protein particle that clumps into plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, a small rejuvenated study has found. Researchers found that these people make about 20 percent more of a type of amyloid beta - amyloid beta 42 - than pedigree members who do not carry the Alzheimer's mutation, according to probe published in the June 12, 2013 edition of Science Translational Medicine corsatax safe. Further, researchers Rachel Potter at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis and colleagues found that amyloid beta 42 disappears from cerebrospinal gas much more shortly than other known forms of amyloid beta, under any circumstances because it is being deposited on plaques in the brain.

Alzheimer's researchers have long believed that brain plaques created by amyloid beta cause the reminiscence loss and thought impairment that comes with the disease breast. This changed study does not prove that amyloid plaques cause Alzheimer's, but it does provide more evidence regarding the spirit the disease develops and will guide future research into diagnosis and treatment, said Dr Judy Willis, a neurologist and spokesperson for the American Academy of Neurology.

The evolving occurs in the presenilin gene and has in days been linked to increased production of amyloid beta 42 over amyloid beta 38 and 40, the other types of amyloid beta found in cerebrospinal fluid, the swatting said. Earlier studies of the human being brain after death and using animal research have suggested that amyloid beta 42 is the most high-ranking contributor to Alzheimer's.

The new study confirms that connection and also quantifies overproduction of amyloid beta 42 in living accommodating brains. The investigators also found that amyloid beta 42 is exchanged and recycled in the body, slowing its depart from the brain. "The amyloid protein buildup has been hypothesized to correlate with the symptoms of Alzheimer's by causing neuronal damage, but we do not skilled in what causes the abnormalities of amyloid overproduction and decreased removal".

The findings from the green study "are supportive of abnormal gross of amyloid occurring in people with the genetic mutation decades before the onset of their symptoms. Researchers conducted the ruminate on by comparing 11 carriers of mutated presenilin genes with family members who do not have the mutation. They second-hand advanced scanning technology that can "tag" and then track newly created proteins in the body.

Saturday 21 July 2018

US Teens For Real Meetings Often Became Gets Acquainted Through The Internet

US Teens For Real Meetings Often Became Gets Acquainted Through The Internet.
Nearly a third of American teenage girls power that at some feature they've met up with relatives with whom their only prior contact was online, new research reveals. For more than a year, the den tracked online and offline activity among more than 250 girls aged 14 to 17 years and found that 30 percent followed online knowledge with in-person contact, raising concerns about high-risk behavior that might ensue when teens cover the leap from social networking into real-world encounters with strangers nabibili. Girls with a yesteryear of neglect or physical or sexual abuse were particularly prone to presenting themselves online (both in images and verbally) in ways that can be construed as sexually direct and provocative.

Doing so, researchers warned, increases their jeopardize of succumbing to the online advances of strangers whose goal is to feed on upon such girls in person. "Statistics show that in and of itself, the Internet is not as dangerous a place as, for example, walking through a as a matter of fact bad neighborhood," said study lead author Jennie Noll, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Cincinnati and principal of research in behavioral medicine and clinical psychology at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center acai ultima capseles preço. The behemoth majority of online meetings are benign.

On the other hand, 90 percent of our adolescents have day after day access to the Internet, and there is a risk surrounding offline meetings with strangers, and that peril exists for everyone. So even if just 1 percent of them end up having a chancy encounter with a stranger offline, it's still a very big problem.

So "On top of that, we found that kids who are mainly sexual and provocative online do receive more sexual advances from others online, and are more likely to suitable these strangers, who, after sometimes many months of online interaction, they might not even view as a 'stranger' by the time they meet," Noll continued. "So the implications are dangerous". The study, which was supported by a supply from the US National Institutes of Health, appeared online Jan 14, 2013 and in the February picture question of the journal Pediatrics.

To maintain the health of the brain needs vitamins d and e

To maintain the health of the brain needs vitamins d and e.
Three restored studies suggest that vitamins D and E might daily keep to our minds sharper, aid in warding off dementia, and even offer some protection against Parkinson's disease, although much more examination is needed to confirm the findings skin care. In one trial, British researchers tied sad levels of vitamin D to higher odds of developing dementia, while a Dutch study found that clan with diets rich in vitamin E had a lower risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.

Finally, a haunt released by Finnish researchers linked high blood levels of vitamin D to a decrease risk of Parkinson's disease vimaxpill.men. In the first report, published in the July 12 culmination of the Archives of Internal Medicine, a research team led by David J Llewellyn of the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom found that all 858 older adults, those with stubby levels of vitamin D were more likely to develop dementia.

In fact, people who had blood levels of vitamin D soften than 25 nanomoles per liter were 60 percent more right to develop substantial declines overall in thinking, learning and memory over the six years of the study. In addition, they were 31 percent more inclined to to have lower scores in the test measuring "executive function" than those with enough vitamin D levels, while levels of attention remained unaffected, the researchers found. "Executive function" is a set of high-level cognitive abilities that support people organize, prioritize, remodel to change and plan for the future.

And "The association remained significant after adjustment for a wide range of possible factors, and when analyses were restricted to elderly subjects who were non-demented at baseline," Llewellyn's team wrote. The imaginable role of vitamin D in preventing other illnesses has been investigated by other researchers, but one adept cautioned that the evidence for taking vitamin D supplements is still unproven.

So "There is currently quite a lot of earnestness for vitamin D supplementation, of both individuals and populations, in the belief that it will reduce the burden of many diseases," said Dr Andrew Grey, an partner professor of medicine at the University of Auckland in New Zealand and co-author of an article in the July 12 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine. "This rage is predicated upon data from observational studies - which are subject to confounding, and are hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing - rather than randomized controlled trials. Calls for widespread vitamin D supplementation are too early on the infrastructure of current evidence".

In another report involving vitamin D and brain health, researchers led by Paul Knekt and colleagues at the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Helsinki, Finland, found that population with higher serum levels of vitamin D appear to have a let risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Their crack was published in the July issue of the Archives of Neurology.

For the study, Knekt and his pair collected data on almost 3200 Finnish men and women aged 50 to 79 who did not have Parkinson's complaint when the study began. Over 29 years of follow-up, 50 people developed Parkinson's disease. The researchers prepared that people with the highest levels of vitamin D had a 67 percent discount risk of developing Parkinson's disease compared with those with the lowest levels of vitamin D.

Friday 20 July 2018

Allergic Rhinitis Increases With Age

Allergic Rhinitis Increases With Age.
It's a well-known belief that as you get older, your allergy symptoms will wane, but a unfledged study suggests it's possible that even more older the crowd will be experiencing allergies than ever before. In a nationally representative sample of people, researchers found that IgE antibody levels - that's the exempt system substance that triggers the release of histamine, which then causes the symptoms of allergies feel attracted to runny nose and watery eyes - have more than doubled in relations older than 55 since the 1970s worldplusmed.net. IgE levels don't always directly correlate with the attendance of allergies or consistently indicate their severity, but IgE is the main antibody involved in allergies, explained bone up author Dr Zachary Jacobs, a fellow in allergy and immunology at Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinic in Kansas City, Mo.

And "With IgE levels, it's laboriously to realize an inference for a specific individual, but we're reporting a population trend, and it looks as if there's increased allergic sensitization my hair is thinning but not balding. It looks like Americans have more allergies now than they did 25 or 30 years ago".

And "People in their 50s almost certainly have more allergy now than they did 25 or 30 years ago, and more allergists will be needed for the indulge boomers". The findings are to be presented Saturday at the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology annual meeting, in Phoenix.

Jacobs and his colleagues noticed that no one had looked at levels of IgE in the citizenry since the 1970s, when a eleemosynary work called the Tucson Epidemiological Study was done. The supplemental study compared data from the Tucson study in the '70s to statistics from the more recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2006.

There were 7398 subjects enrolled in NHANES, while the Tucson study included 2743 people. The demographic profiles for the two studies were similar, although there were minor extent more young people (under 24) in the NHANES study.